Depends on what you mean by "support" doesn't it?

If by support you means access to nutritious food then a UN report has said that only small scale organic/regenerative farms, not giant industrial agriculture, can support the food needs of the world's population.

If by support you mean everyone can have as many iPhone and Starbucks latte as they want, then very few.

But the biggest fallacy in that question is the unspoken assumption that the current industrialized economy can support the current world population. It cannot. That's why we are facing climate collapse, supply chain break downs, resource wars, water shortages and droughts, run away inflation, social fabric unraveling, and the rise of fascism, just to name an obvious few.

The real question is, how soon will the industrialized world change course before the shit hits the fan, resulting in riots and mass deaths.